Introduction to Cleaned Purple Basil
Cleaned Purple Basil is an herbaceous annual plant originating from tropical regions such as India, Africa, and South Asia. Due to its adaptability to diverse climatic conditions, it is now cultivated across much of the world.
In Iran, there is no official or precise data regarding the cultivation area of cleaned purple basil at either the national or provincial level. Typically, it is grouped under the general category of leafy vegetables.
Cleaned purple basil is widely used for fresh consumption, medicinal purposes, cosmetics, and as a culinary herb, making it a valuable crop.
How to Direct Sow Cleaned Purple Basil in Open Fields
Why is Direct Sowing Better?
Direct sowing of cleaned purple basil is a more efficient, cost-effective, and profitable method compared to transplanting. The 1000-seed weight varies depending on the variety but typically ranges between 1.4 to 1.6 grams for local and commercial types.
Although some sources mention less than 1 kg of seed per hectare, in practice, for even seed distribution in direct sowing, 2 to 6 kilograms of cleaned purple basil seeds are mixed with dry sand and spread per hectare.
Key Points in Preparing the Seedbed
Because cleaned purple basil seeds are very small, seedbed preparation is crucial. This includes plowing, disking, and leveling the land. Narrow and long furrows are then created at intervals of 52 to 62 cm.
Seeds are sown in single rows with about 4 to 5 cm spacing between plants. The seeds are covered with soil at a depth of about 2.5 cm and can be sown by hand or with planting equipment.
If there is no rainfall, irrigation should take place within 24 hours after planting. The seeds usually germinate 12 to 15 days after sowing. When seedlings reach 15 to 22 cm in height (about 22 to 25 days after sowing), weeding, thinning, and soil loosening can be done.
Traditional Planting of Cleaned Purple Basil
In smaller or traditional farming areas, the row spacing may be reduced to 32 cm, and wider beds may include two or even three planting rows. This method is suitable where mechanized tools are not used.
How to Irrigate Cleaned Purple Basil
Cleaned purple basil requires consistent irrigation throughout its growth cycle and is sensitive to water stress. In hot climates, irrigation is essential for successful cultivation.
Recommended irrigation intervals typically range from 7 to 12 days, depending on soil and climate conditions. Irrigation immediately after transplanting or after seed germination (in direct sowing) is especially important.
Research on Irrigating Cleaned Purple Basil
Greenhouse studies have shown that irrigating cleaned purple basil at 72% of the field capacity can increase water use efficiency while maintaining acceptable fresh leaf yield.
Why Seeds of Cleaned Purple Basil May Fail to Germinate
There are several common reasons for poor germination of cleaned purple basil seeds:
Old or low-quality seeds
Planting the seeds too deep (more than 2.5 cm)
Poorly prepared or overly compacted seedbed
Inadequate or delayed irrigation after planting
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