Introduction of one-year rye plant:
The scientific name of annual rye: Secale cereale
Rye was once considered a weed of wheat and barley fields, but later it was domesticated. In the past, it was cultivated to produce seeds and bread, but today its consumption has decreased, its seeds are used in industry to produce rye flour and alcohol, and its straw is used for animal feed and paper making. Rye is used to feed livestock both as fresh fodder and as hay and seeds. Its cultivation is common in Iran for grain and grain preparation, and it is tasty fodder. Rye is more cold-resistant than wheat and barley.
What are the botanical characteristics of the rye plant:
Chavadaraz is an annual plant of the wheat family. Its appearance is similar to wheat. The stem is hollow and its leaves are elongated and pointed. The height of rye stem is higher than wheat in different types, it is about 60 to 200 cm, but its tillering power is less than wheat. The root system of rye is similar to that of wheat and barley. Rye inflorescence is a compound spike. To each stair of the axis of the rye spike, the middle spike is sterile and the two side spikes are fertile. Each flower has three stamens, which are released from the flower when the pollen grains are ripe and release the pollen outside the flower. The stigma is removed from the floret in feathery horns like a pistil to receive pollen grains.
How to plant, grow, and harvest rye:
Rye is colder tolerant than wheat and barley, and it is a good substitute for wheat and barley in areas where the winter cold is so severe that it is not possible to plant wheat and barley. Rye's resistance to heat is less than wheat and its life span is also shorter. This plant can be cultivated up to an altitude of 2400 meters and it is not possible to plant wheat in acidic soils, rye can replace wheat due to its greater ability. All operations for rye cultivation are similar to wheat and barley.
The planting time of rye is in early autumn and the required amount of rye seed is considered between 110-200 kg per hectare depending on the planting method.
After each folding, 50-100 kg of urea is used as vinegar. This plant has grown rapidly after its emergence so that its fodder can be used well at the end of Bahman. It is usually cultivated as a preservative and protective plant along with legumes and legumes (clover-alfalfa). The amount of the product is about 12-24 tons of green fodder per hectare.
