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What are the other names of Spruce plant: Spruce alfalfa seed - Feridani alfalfa seed - Khashe seed
What features and benefits does the spruce plant have compared to the size of fodder plants:
The advantages of this plant can be found in various cases, among which we can mention the following:
1- No bloat in livestock, which is why it is ideal as a fodder plant for pasture.
2- The resistance to pests such as stem borer, leaves and roots of alfalfa has caused this plant to be used as a resistant plant in some parts of the world, including America, due to the severe attack of the mentioned pests in the west of this country.
3- Cold resistance is one of the things that made spruce to continue growing for a longer period of time than alfalfa in the fall and start its vegetative activity earlier in the spring. The recent issue was seen in observational surveys in the cold regions of the country.
4- It improves the physical and chemical quality of the soil, because on the one hand, due to having deep roots, it breaks the impermeable layers of the soil, and on the other hand, due to the nitrogen fixation glands, it makes the soil fertile. In addition, due to its deep roots and high establishment power, it can be used to prevent water and wind erosion of the soil on steep slopes.
5- The attractiveness of spruce flowers for bees has made this plant to be used to increase the honey production of beekeepers in beekeeping areas.
What are the suitable conditions for planting spruce seeds:
1- What are the characteristics of suitable soil for growing spruces:
The best lands for growing spruces are relatively dry and deep lemon lands (even poor if they are deep). Heavy and wet lands are not suitable for growing this plant. Spruce grows well in calcareous, dry and relatively light lands, and on the contrary, it does not produce a good product in loamy lands that have a high underground table, as well as in salty and acidic lands. In general, spruce and alfalfa should not be compared with each other in terms of suitability for use in the same area, and usually in areas suitable for alfalfa, spruce is less cultivated. Since most of Iran's soils are calcareous; Therefore, they are suitable for the cultivation of spruces, because this type of soil provides the calcium and magnesium needed by the plant and maintains the appropriate pH balance (7 and above) in its cultivation.
2- How much water is needed to grow spruces:
Watering spruce is like hay; But since Spruce is known as a drought-resistant plant and the water requirement of Spruce is less than that of alfalfa, it can be planted as a rainfed plant in areas with an annual rainfall of more than 300 mm.
It should be noted that Spruce is sensitive to abundant irrigation and irrigation is the main cause of crown and root rot disease.
How to prepare the land for spruce cultivation:
In spring crops, it is necessary to do a deep or very deep autumn plowing to a depth of 25-30 cm depending on the structure of the soil.
In spring, one or two weeks before planting, if possible, 40-50 tons of animal manure is spread on the ground and plowed in the direction perpendicular to the disk, tines or claws. The last step is leveling the land, applying chemical fertilizers and planting seeds. In autumn cultivation, the steps of preparing the cultivation bed are the same. A suitable planting bed should have soft and granular soil.
What are the stages of spruce planting operation:
What methods are used to cultivate spruce plants:
Spruce seeds, like other crops and fodder plants, are cultivated both manually and mechanically, both methods are used for wet and rainfed cultivation. Spruce planting is done in two ways: dense and spaced. In dense cultivation, spruce seeds are planted in rows on the created plots.
But in spaced cultivation, the seeds are planted in small pots and after the plants have grown enough in the greenhouse, one strong plant is kept from each pot and the others are removed.
After 6 weeks, the seedlings are transferred to the main field and 10 plants are planted per square meter.
The comparison of these two planting methods is reviewed in the table below, but in general, dense cultivation is recommended when fodder yield is considered, and if the goal is to collect seeds, spaced cultivation is recommended.
When is the best date to plant spruce seeds and in which areas can spruce seeds be planted:
Spruce planting varies depending on the weather and soil. In Iran, spruce can be cultivated in spring and autumn, but it should be kept in mind that in autumn, before the arrival of winter cold and freezing, the plant has reached the stage of 2-4 leaves and there is no possibility of ground freezing in spring. Due to the plant's resistance to cold, in the important areas of spruce cultivation in Iran, including Ardabil, Kurdistan, Shahrekord, East and West Azerbaijan, Isfahan, Damavand and Firouzkoh, Qazvin, Zanjan, Taleghan and some other cold regions, this plant can be cultivated in autumn and spring. In relatively warm or tropical regions, planting is done in winter so that the plant can make the most of the rainfall, and in cold regions of the country, spring planting is preferable because of the establishment of buds and protection against winter cold.
How deep should spruce seeds be planted and how much is the amount of spruce seeds for each hectare:
According to the researches, the planting depth is one of the factors of success in the cultivation of fodder plants, but for the seeds of pasture plants, 1 to 2 cm is recommended. The amount of seed needed for planting, depending on the method and date of planting, is in the range of 30 (in rainy conditions) to 50 (in wet conditions) kg per hectare, the exact amount of which depends on the quality of the seed and the micro and macro climatic conditions, and also
The sheath increases this value.
In order to create a uniform and durable farm, it is necessary to use healthy, pure seeds with a high germination rate (more than 95%). Spruce can be cultivated pure or mixed with other plants. Spruce can be planted with grass species in a mixture or in separate rows. By intercropping spruce with alfalfa and even red clover, it is possible to produce more crops by 15%.
When is the most suitable date to harvest spruce fodder:
The harvest date is an important factor to obtain more fodder and its determination should be based on a certain time of the growth of this plant. The higher the percentage of flowering, the higher the yield of fodder; But instead, it has less nutritional value. The best date to harvest spruces to obtain maximum forage yield and create conditions for maximum food supply in the following years is when 10 to 50% of the plants in the field are in flower. Spruce has more fibers and less digestible substances when it flowers or falls from the flower and goes to seed, and also due to the dormancy of the bushes and the decrease in the amount of leaves, a fodder is obtained that has a relatively low amount of nutrients and nutritional value. . The annual yield of spruce is 20 to 40 tons of wet fodder per hectare (4 to 7 tons of dry fodder) and also at the time of sowing, 400 to 600 kg of seeds can be harvested per hectare.
In what ways can Spurs be harvested:
Spress harvest is done by two methods, manual and machine. In smaller farms, spruce is harvested with special scythes and then collected, which can be used as animal feed or dried for winter storage. If you want to use the espresso dry in winter, it is better to pack it to prevent its loss and to make its transportation easier. In large farms, it is economically better to use a harvesting and packing machine.
With what cars can the Spurs be taken:
1- Mowers: There are machines that cut fodder.
2- Rakes: There are machines that line the forage.
3- Balers: There are machines that pack fodder.
4- Transporters: There are machines that move and transport fodder packages.
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